| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Andersson, Klas, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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The CO2 avoidance cost of a large scale O2/CO2 power plant
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies 5– September 2004, Vancouver, Canada. ; , s. 1787-1790
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work evaluates the fixed and running costs together with the CO2 avoidance cost of an O2/CO2 combustion process. The work is based on a comprehensive process study applied to commercial process data from an 865 MWe lignite fired reference power plant and large scale air separation units (ASU), in combination, with a detailed design study of the flue gas treatment and CO2 compression train (FGTCC) [1]. All costs for the process layout proposed in [1] are gathered from industry. Although an existing reference power plant forms the basis of the work, the study is directed towards a new state-of-the-art lignite-fired O2/CO2 power plant.
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| 14. |
- Berggren, Mårten, et al.
(författare)
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Biomass co-firing potentials for electricity generation in Poland—Matching supply and co-firing opportunities
- 2008
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Ingår i: Biomass and Bioenergy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2909 .- 0961-9534. ; 32:9, s. 865-879
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As part of the European Union (EU) accession treaty, Poland is obliged to increase the share of renewable electricity production to 7.5% by 2010 (from a present share of about 2% in 2002). Most of this increase is expected to be covered by biomass-based electricity generation. This paper investigates the potential for co-firing of biomass and coal in the Polish power-generation system. More specifically, this study focuses on matching potentials in biomass supply with opportunities for co-firing biomass in existing coal-fired power plants. Available estimates of biomass supply and information on the power plant infrastructure are used as input for modelling the co-firing potential for each of the 16 regions in Poland ("Voivodship"). The modelling also gives the additional cost of the electricity and the CO2-avoidance cost for the co-firing. The result shows a potential of electricity produced from biomass in co-firing of 1.6-4.6% (2.3-6.6 TWhe) of the total electricity production in 2010. Adding this potential to the existing production of about 2% electricity from renewable energy sources (RES-E) gives an overall contribution of RES-E in the range 3.6-6.6%. The additional cost for the implementation of co-firing is less than €20 per MWhe (the average electricity price in Poland in 2003 was €96 per MWhe) corresponding to a CO2-avoidance cost of less than €20 per tonne CO2. In summary it can be concluded that although co-firing can serve as a low-cost option for near-term increase of RES-E, there is still an additional 0.9-3.9% of other RES-E production required to be developed to reach the 2010 target of 7.5% RES-E. The results call for quick action with respect to implementation of co-firing, if Poland should have any chance to reach the RES-E target by 2010.
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| 15. |
- Berntsson, Thore, 1947, et al.
(författare)
-
Towards Sustainabel Oil Refinery - Pre-study for larger co-operation project
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this report, the Chalmers EnergiCentrum (CEC) presents the results of a pre-study commissioned by Preem relating to the effective production of future vehicle fuels.This pre-study was made up of three studies focusing on energy streamlining, the utilisation of waste heat and carbon-dioxide separation and biorefinement relating to the gasification and hydration of vegetable oils. One of the common starting points for these studies was the current situation at the Preem refineries in Göteborg and Lysekil from where the measurement data were obtained and analysed. The report summarises the knowledge situation based on current research in the individual technical fields. The results present some interesting future opportunities for developing the sustainable production of future vehicle fuels. The sections vary, as the areas that have been examined differ and the sections have been written by different people. The reports ends with some joint conclusions and a number of questions which could be included and answered in a more extensive future main study, as part of a developed research partnership between Preem and the Chalmers University of Technology. The preliminary results of this work were analysed with the client at workshops on 1 October and 29 November 2007. The report is written in English combined with an extensive summary in Swedish including a proposal on a future main study. The study was conducted by the Chalmers EnergiCentrum (CEC), in collaboration with a number of researchers in the CEC’s network. They included Thore Berntsson, Jessica Algehed, Erik Hektor and Lennart Persson Elmeroth, all from Heat and Power Technology, Börje Gevert, Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tobias Richards, Forest Products and Chemical Engineering, Filip Johnsson and Anders Lyngfelt, Energy Technology, and Per-Åke Franck and Anders Åsblad, CIT Industriell Energianalys AB. The client, Preem, was represented by Bengt Ahlén, Sören Eriksson, Johan Jervehed, Bertil Karlsson, Gunnar Olsson, Ulf Kuylenstierna, Stefan Nyström, Martin Sjöberg and Thomas Ögren. Tobias Richards was responsible for compiling the report and Bertil Pettersson was the project manager.
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| 16. |
- Edvardsson, Elin, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring the External Solids Flux in a CFB boiler
- 2006
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Ingår i: Proceedings 19th FBC Conferance, May 21-24, Vienna Austria. - 3200006455
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers, the flow rate of externally recirculated bed material is important, since it influences combustion, fluid dynamics, solids segregation and heat transfer. However, in CFB boilers (as well as in other industrial CFB units), the solids recirculation rate is difficult to determine, as no standard method is available to measure it directly. In this work, a methodology for measurement of the external solid flux is developed, based on heat and mass balances over parts of the return loop of a CFB boiler. Continuous measurements of temperatures and flow rates of gas and water entering and exiting different sections of the return loop are needed to determine both instantaneous and time-averaged solids recirculation rates. The method was evaluated in the Chalmers 12 MWth CFB boiler with good results.
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| 17. |
- Fleig, Daniel, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Sulphur chemistry in oxy-fuel combustion
- 2009
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Ingår i: VDI-Berichte. - 0083-5560. - 9783180920566 ; 2056:24. Deutscher Flammentag, s. 289-294
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 18. |
- Fleig, Daniel, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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The fate of sulphur during oxy-fuel combustion of lignite
- 2009
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-6102. ; 1:1, s. 383-390
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This work focuses on the sulphur chemistry in oxy-fuel combustion of lignite. Comparison is made with air-fired conditions, and the main combustion products containing sulphur (ash, SO2, SO3 and H2S) are examined by modelling and experimental data. The conversion of fuel-S to SO2 is lower in oxy-fuel than in air-fuel conditions and the SO2 concentration per unit energy supplied is therefore reduced. The modelling shows that the SO3 concentration is about four times greater than the concentration in air-firing. High SO3 and H2O contents in the oxy-fuel flue gas during wet recycling increase the acid dew-point by 20 to 30 K.
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| 19. |
- Fleig, Daniel, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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The Sulphur Mass Balance in Oxy-Fuel Combustion of Lignite
- 2009
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Ingår i: 1st OXYFUEL COMBUSTION CONFERENCE: September 8-11, 2009, Cottbus, Germany.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This work presents an experimental study of the sulphur chemistry in oxy-fuel combustion of pulverized lignite. It has been observed that the emission of sulphur dioxide (SO2) by unit energy supplied is lower in oxy-fuel combustion than in air combustion [1-5] but the reason for this is not clear. In order to validate previous work and to clarify this difference the present work compares the amount of emitted SO2 in air and oxy-fuel combustion (wet and dry flue-gas recycle). Furthermore, the amounts of sulphur in the ash and in the water of the flue-gas condenser were determined to make a mass balance and to verify the measured amount of SO2 in the flue gas.
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| 20. |
- Göransson, Lisa, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Dispatch modeling of a regional power generation system - Integrating wind power
- 2009
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Ingår i: Renewable Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-1481 .- 1879-0682. ; 34:4, s. 1040-1049
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A modeling tool has been developed which can be used to analyze interaction between intermittent wind power generation and thermal power plant generation in a regional electricity grid system. The model uses a mixed integer programming (MIP) approach to determine the power plant dispatch strategy which yields the lowest systems costs. In the model, each large thermal plant is described separately, including properties such as start-up time, start-up cost and minimum load level. The model is evaluated using western Denmark as a case study.For western Denmark, it is found that the inclusion of start-up performance (i.e. start-up time and related costs) and minimum load level of the power generating units have a significant impact on the results. It is shown that the inclusion of these aspects influences the analysis of the effect of wind power variations on the production patterns of thermal units in the system. The model demonstrates how the introduction of wind power production and associated variations change the dispatch order of the large thermal power plants in the western Denmark system so that the unit with the lowest running costs no longer has the highest capacity factor. It is shown that this effect only is detected if start-up performance and minimum load level limitations are included in the optimization. it can also be concluded that start-up performance and minimum load level must be taken into account if the total system costs and emissions are not to be underestimated. The simulations show that if these aspects are disregarded, both total costs and total emissions of the power system are underestimated, with 5% in the case of western Denmark. Models such as the one developed in this work can be efficient tools to understand the effects of large-scale wind power integration in a power generation system with base load plants.
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